Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/155313709?client_source=feed&format=rss
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Iowa up for grabs 2 months before GOP caucuses (AP)
WILTON, Iowa ? Iowa's presidential caucuses are any Republican candidate's to win.
Just two months before the GOP nomination voting begins, Iowa Republicans aren't surging toward former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney even though he's essentially been running for president since losing in the state in 2008.
This time, none of his opponents has emerged as the consensus candidate of conservatives to become his main rival, as former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee did four years ago.
As Tamara Scott, an undecided social conservative leader who backed Huckabee in that race, says: "It's anybody's game right now."
That could change soon.
Sensing an opening, Romney is stepping up his Iowa campaign and talking about winning the state after months of taking a more low-key approach. He probably will return to Iowa in November and hold a conference call with thousands of Iowa GOP caucus-goers.
"I'd love to win Iowa, any of us would. I will be here again and again, campaigning here," Romney said recently in Sioux City.
Texas Gov. Rick Perry, who is casting himself as the more conservative option, is starting to confront Romney. With $15 million in the bank, Perry started running a TV ad last week that, without mentioning Romney challenges Romney's efforts to portray himself as the strongest candidate on the economy.
"I'll create at least 2 1/2 million new jobs, and I know something about that," Perry says in the ad that highlights Texas job creation.
Businessman Herman Cain, a political outsider enjoying a burst of momentum, is starting to focus more on Iowa, adding campaign staff and visiting the state recently for the first time in 10 weeks. But he trails both Romney and Perry in fundraising by the millions.
For now at least, the race in Iowa is wide open.
Saturday evening's results of a Des Moines Register poll showed Cain at the head of the pack, with the support of 23 percent of respondents. Romney came in just behind him at 22 percent.
Texas Rep. Ron Paul, a libertarian-leaning Republican, placed third at 12 percent, followed by Minnesota Rep. Michele Bachmann at 8 percent. Perry and former House Speaker Newt Gingrich polled 7 percent each, and former Pennsylvania Sen. Rick Santorum got 5 percent.
Former Utah Gov. Jon Huntsman, a moderate on some issues that Iowa Republicans hold dear, was supported by only 1 percent of those participating in the poll.
The up-for-grabs nature of the Iowa race matters nationally because the outcome on Jan. 3 will shape what happens in the states that vote next ? New Hampshire, South Carolina and Florida ? and beyond.
As it stands now, Iowa reflects the Republican Party's lack of clarity when it comes to the crowded GOP field and its increasingly urgent search for a candidate who can defeat Democratic President Barack Obama next fall.
"This is the first time I've waited this long to decide," said Linda Allison, an Iowan who recently attended a Perry event. "I am still waiting to be convinced."
Many factors are adding to the volatility.
Large numbers of Iowa Republicans are undecided and just starting to tune into the race in earnest. Fewer than 20 of Iowa's 76 Republican legislators have publicly declared their support for a candidate, and no single candidate has a clear edge among those who have picked sides. At this point four years ago, nearly all lawmakers had endorsed someone.
Consider state Rep. Jeff Kaufmann, for whom Perry raised money at a recent event in eastern Iowa.
"Perry may not be the best debater, but he can really work an audience like this," said Kaufmann, who endorsed former Tennessee Sen. Fred Thompson four months before the 2008 GOP caucuses. "And while Romney is well prepared, and campaigns well, I'd like to see him out in this area more."
Critical groups of activists also are waiting to rally behind a candidate, too.
Iowa's evangelical pastors, influential among a part of the GOP base, are divided. So are home-school advocates. Both groups pushed Huckabee to victory four years ago.
"None of these home-school families are calling me and asking me about the candidates," said Susan Geddes, a Des Moines-area Republican and top organizer for Huckabee in 2008. "Nobody's excited about them."
All this explains why many candidates are returning to Iowa in the week ahead for a series of events. Most of the 2012 candidate, but not Romney, courted Christian conservatives at a forum on values last weekend.
The all-out effort to court social conservative is partly why Romney is recalibrating his approach toward Iowa, where he's only made three visits this year.
He has been reached out quietly to past supporters and working to cast himself as the candidate with the strongest economic credentials. Unlike in 2008, he's not overtly competing for the love of social conservatives. These voters, a potent bloc in the caucuses, have had doubts about his Mormon faith and his reversals on several social issues.
So while he's stepping up his Iowa activity, he's also picking his spots.
He's the only major candidate who hasn't committed to appearing in Iowa at Tuesday's forum on manufacturing hosted by Iowa Gov. Terry Branstad in Pella or the state GOP dinner Friday in Des Moines.
Perry plans to attend both.
He has little choice given that he's lagging in state polls, facing challenges from the right and fighting with rivals for the backing of social conservatives. The former Texas agriculture commissioner and Air Force officer is trying to broad his appeal, reaching out to veterans and farmers as he looks to cobble together a winning coalition and stop Romney.
Bachmann, whose support has cooled since her victory in the state GOP's August test vote, is popular with Christian conservatives and tea party activists. She has heavily sought the support of evangelical pastors and recently named a veteran GOP campaign operative to stabilize the campaign for the stretch run.
Santorum is working hard in Iowa and was expected to have stopped in all 99 counties by week's end, even though he has little money and manpower. He shows no sign of going away and recently began airing his first radio ads in Iowa.
Cain is a bit of a wild card.
He's popular for his business background and plain-spoken speaking style. But he's far behind in building an Iowa campaign and he's under attack by conservatives for referring recently to abortion as a choice. Still, tea party activists adore him and his campaign has recently begun conducting automated phone calls.
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রবিবার, ৩০ অক্টোবর, ২০১১
New findings contradict dominant theory in Alzheimer's disease
Friday, October 28, 2011
For decades the amyloid hypothesis has dominated the research field in Alzheimer's disease. The theory describes how an increase in secreted beta-amyloid peptides leads to the formation of plaques, toxic clusters of damaged proteins between cells, which eventually result in neurodegeneration. Scientists at Lund University, Sweden, have now presented a study that turns this premise on its head.
The research group's data offers an opposite hypothesis, suggesting that it is in fact the neurons' inability to secrete beta-amyloid that is at the heart of pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.
The study, published in the October issue of the Journal of Neuroscience, shows an increase in unwanted intracellular beta-amyloid occurring early on in Alzheimer's disease. The accumulation of beta-amyloid inside the neuron is here shown to be caused by the loss of normal function to secrete beta-amyloid.
Contrary to the dominant theory, where aggregated extracellular beta-amyloid is considered the main culprit, the study instead demonstrates that reduced secretion of beta-amyloid signals the beginning of the disease.
The damage to the neuron, created by the aggregated toxic beta-amyloid inside the cell, is believed to be a prior step to the formation of plaques, the long-time hallmark biomarker of the disease.
Professor Gunnar Gouras, the senior researcher of the study, hopes that the surprising new findings can help push the research field in a new direction.
"The many investigators and pharmaceutical companies screening for compounds that reduce secreted beta-amyloid have it the wrong way around. The problem is rather the opposite, that it is not getting secreted. To find the root of the disease, we now need to focus on this critical intracellular pool of beta-amyloid.
"We are showing here that the increase of intracellular beta-amyloid is one of the earliest events occurring in Alzheimer's disease, before the formation of plaques. Our experiments clearly show a decreased secretion of beta-amyloid in our primary neuron disease model. This is probably because the cell's metabolism and secretion pathways are disrupted in some way, leading beta-amyloid to be accumulated inside the cell instead of being secreted naturally", says Davide Tampellini, first author of the study.
The theory of early accumulation of beta-amyloid inside the cell offers an alternate explanation for the formation of plaques. When excess amounts of beta-amyloid start to build up inside the cell, it is also stored in synapses.
When the synapses can no longer hold the increasing amounts of the toxic peptide the membrane breaks, releasing the waste into the extracellular space. The toxins released now create the seed for other amyloids to gather and start forming the plaques.
###
Lund University: http://www.lu.se
Thanks to Lund University for this article.
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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/114731/New_findings_contradict_dominant_theory_in_Alzheimer_s_disease
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Israel and Gaza militants exchange fire, 5 killed (AP)
JERUSALEM ? Israeli aircraft struck at Palestinian militants on Saturday, killing five, while militants responded with a volley of rockets which injured several Israeli civilians, Israeli and Palestinian officials said.
Exchanges of fire are common between southern Israel and the Gaza strip controlled by the militant Hamas group, but this is the worst one in months.
An Israeli military spokesman said the militants from the Islamic Jihad group in Gaza were hit as they were preparing to launch more rockets at Israel.
He said that the targeted cell was the same as had fired rockets into southern Israel on Wednesday night. No Israelis were injured in that attack.
The military "will not tolerate any attempt to harm Israeli civilians," the spokesman said. He spoke on condition of anonymity in accordance with military protocols.
Gaza Health Ministry spokesman Adham Abu Salmia confirmed that five men were killed and another 11 injured in an explosion inside a militant training site in the southern part of the coastal territory.
After the airstrike, militants in Gaza fired over 10 rockets at southern Israel, Israeli police spokesman Micky Rosenfeld said. Islamic Jihad took responsibility for the barrage.
One of the rockets exploded outside an apartment building in the southern city of Ashdod, injuring at least one person, Israel's rescue service said. Israeli television showed about a dozen cars in flames outside the building.
Another person sustained shrapnel wounds in the nearby town of Gan Yavneh and others in the Ashdod region were treated for shock, the Israeli military spokesman said.
Israel's Channel 2 television reported that one rocket hid a school, causing massive damage. No one was hurt because the school was closed for the Jewish Sabbath, Ashdod Mayor Yehiel Lasri said.
Islamic Jihad took responsibility for firing the rockets in a text message to reporters, and released photos of the rockets being launched from the backs of pickup trucks. The group said this is the first time they are using this system as opposed to firing them from launchers on the ground.
Islamic Jihad is one of the militant groups in Gaza that frequently fires rockets at southern Israel cities, prompting Israeli reprisal strikes.
Islamic Jihad spokesman Abu Ahmed had earlier confirmed that one of its local field commanders, Ahmed Sheikh Khalil, was killed. He said Khalil was one of the group's chief bomb makers. "Today it was a great loss for us in the Islamic Jihad," he said. "The size of our retaliation will equal our loss," it said in a text message sent to reporters.
"Our response shall be in the depths of the Zionist entity," it said in reference to the Israeli heartland.
The Iranian-backed Islamic Jihad took responsibility for multiple suicide bombings and shooting attacks against civilians in Israel during the second Palestinian intifadah, or uprising, in the first half of the last decade.
Israel and Hamas, the militant group that rules Gaza, blamed each other for the flare up in violence Saturday.
"The Hamas terror organization is solely responsible for any terrorist activity emanating from the Gaza Strip," the Israeli military said.
Israel as a matter of policy holds Hamas liable for violence perpetrated by any of the different armed groups in the coastal territory.
Hamas spokesman Fawzi Barhoum meanwhile said Israel is "fully responsible for all the results of this dangerous escalation."
In the winter of 2008, Israel launched a broad military offensive inside Gaza aimed at stopping almost daily Palestinian rocket fire at Israeli communities.
Since then, violence has continued sporadically along the border and Palestinians continue to launch mortars and rockets at Israel, but to a much lesser degree.
On Wednesday, militants fired a long-range Katyusha rocket that exploded near Ashdod in the south of the country.
Sirens also went off in the central Israeli city of Rehovot, which unlike many southern Israeli cities is not accustomed to rocket fire, causing panic. The Israeli military said the alarm went off because the rocket exploded in an area between the two cities.
___
Ibrahim Barzak in Gaza contributed to this report.
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Tenn. protesters arrested for 2nd straight night
An arrested woman watches from the ground of the Legislative Plaza in Nashville, Tenn., on Saturday, Oct. 29, 2011, while one of her fellow protesters is led away by state troopers. It was the second straight night of arrests after Republican Gov. Bill Haslam imposed a curfew on areas surrounding the Capitol in an effort to disband a three-week demonstration by Wall Street protesters. (AP Photo/Erik Schelzig)
An arrested woman watches from the ground of the Legislative Plaza in Nashville, Tenn., on Saturday, Oct. 29, 2011, while one of her fellow protesters is led away by state troopers. It was the second straight night of arrests after Republican Gov. Bill Haslam imposed a curfew on areas surrounding the Capitol in an effort to disband a three-week demonstration by Wall Street protesters. (AP Photo/Erik Schelzig)
State troopers lead people arrested on Legislative Plaza toward a bus parked outside the state Capitol in in Nashville, Tenn., on Saturday, Oct. 29, 2011. It was the second straight night of arrests after Republican Gov. Bill Haslam imposed a curfew on areas surrounding the Capitol in an effort to disband a three-week demonstration by Wall Street protesters. (AP Photo/Erik Schelzig)
State troopers attend to an arrested protester on the Legislative Plaza in Nashville, Tenn., on Saturday, Oct. 29, 2011. It was the second straight night of arrests after Republican Gov. Bill Haslam imposed a curfew on areas surrounding the Capitol in an effort to disband a three-week demonstration by Wall Street protesters. (AP Photo/Erik Schelzig)
Arrested protesters lie face down on the Legislative Plaza in Nashville, Tenn., on Saturday, Oct. 29, 2011, while state troopers wait to process them and place them on a bus. It was the second straight night of arrests after Republican Gov. Bill Haslam imposed a curfew on areas surrounding the Capitol in an effort to disband a three-week demonstration by Wall Street protesters. (AP Photo/Erik Schelzig)
A state trooper films protesters while a demonstrator records arrested people being placed onto a bus in Nashville, Tenn., on Saturday, Oct. 29, 2011. It was the second straight night of arrests after Republican Gov. Bill Haslam imposed a curfew on areas surrounding the Capitol in an effort to disband a three-week demonstration by Wall Street protesters. (AP Photo/Erik Schelzig)
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (AP) ? Tennessee state troopers for the second straight night arrested more than two dozen Wall Street protesters for defying a new nighttime curfew imposed by the state's Republican governor in an effort to disband an encampment near the Capitol.
And for a second time, a Nashville night judge dismissed the protesters' arrest warrants.
The Tennessean newspaper reported early Saturday morning (http://tnne.ws/vE2PXN) that Magistrate Tom Nelson told troopers delivering the protesters to jail that he could "find no authority anywhere for anyone to authorize a curfew anywhere on Legislative Plaza."
Occupy Nashville protesters ? including many of the 29 arrested in a pre-dawn raid on Friday ? returned to the Legislative Plaza that evening and remained through the 10 p.m. curfew.
Troopers arrested 26 people this time. All were charged with trespassing; two were also charged with public intoxication; and one was also charged with criminal impersonation, Department of Safety spokeswoman Jennifer Donnals said. The judicial commissioner refused to issue warrants for any of the charges.
Officials said 72 troopers were involved in the curfew enforcement.
"To see it from the other side is even more infuriating," said Chip Allen, one of the protesters arrested in the first raid. "When you're in it, it's almost surreal. This takes on a whole 'nother flavor."
The arrests came after a week of police crackdowns around the country on Occupy Wall Street activists, who have been protesting economic inequality and what they call corporate greed.
In Oakland, Calif., an Iraq War veteran was seriously injured during a protest clash with police Tuesday night. In Atlanta early Wednesday, helicopters hovered overhead as officers in riot gear arrested more than 50 protesters at a downtown park. In San Diego, police arrested 51 people who occupied the Civic Center Plaza and Children's Park for three weeks.
In Nashville, more than 200 people came to Friday evening's meeting to discuss the first round of arrests and future plans, though those numbers had dwindled as the night wore on and temperatures dropped.
There was no noticeable law enforcement presence for nearly two hours after the curfew went into effect, while adjacent theaters let out and patrons filtered back through the plaza to their cars without being challenged for violating the restrictions.
"Nothing was done to them, they were not arrested," said protester Michael Custer, 46. "But we are arrested while we are expressing our constitutional right to free speech."
Once the theater traffic cleared, dozens of state troopers descended on the plaza and began arresting protesters and a journalist for the Nashville Scene, an alternative weekly newspaper.
Protesters remaining at the scene vowed to return Saturday, even if it means more arrests.
The 29 demonstrators arrested early Friday were taken to the Nashville jail, only to have Nelson, the night judge, rule the state had not given them enough time to comply with the new curfew. They were instead issued misdemeanor citations for trespassing, which carry a $50 fine if they are found guilty.
The administration of Gov. Bill Haslam has cited what officials described as deteriorating security and sanitary conditions on the plaza, saying that acts of lewd behavior had been observed by workers in state office buildings.
Safety Commissioner Bill Gibbons said it was unrealistic to meet requests from protesters for a stronger law enforcement presence to help deter thefts and altercations often involving homeless people who had attached themselves to the encampment.
"We don't have the resources to go out and in effect babysit protesters 24-7 ... at the level that would have been necessary to address their concerns," Gibbons said during a press conference Friday.
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Shelling in Syria kills 3 after deadly day
Two Syrian regime women supporters hold a banner with a sarcastic caricature on it in Umayyad Square in downtown Damascus, Syria. Wednesday Oct. 26, 2011. Tens of thousands of Syrians packed a Damascus square Wednesday in a show of support for embattled President Bashar Assad, a few hours ahead of a visit by senior Arab officials probing ways to start a dialogue between the regime and the opposition. (AP Photo/Muzaffar Salman)
Two Syrian regime women supporters hold a banner with a sarcastic caricature on it in Umayyad Square in downtown Damascus, Syria. Wednesday Oct. 26, 2011. Tens of thousands of Syrians packed a Damascus square Wednesday in a show of support for embattled President Bashar Assad, a few hours ahead of a visit by senior Arab officials probing ways to start a dialogue between the regime and the opposition. (AP Photo/Muzaffar Salman)
Syrian regime supporters flash the V-victory sign as they hold up a portrait of Syrian President Bashar Assad during a rally at Umayyad Square in Damascus, Syria. Wednesday Oct. 26, 2011. Some thousands of Syrians packed the square Wednesday in a show of support for embattled President Bashar Assad, a few hours ahead of a visit by senior Arab officials probing ways to start a dialogue between the regime and the opposition. (AP Photo/ Bassem Tellawi)
A young girl looks on during the Pro-Syrian President Bashar Assad rally in Umayyad Square in downtown Damascus, Syria, Wednesday Oct. 26, 2011. Tens of thousands of Syrians packed a Damascus square Wednesday in a show of support for embattled President Bashar Assad, a few hours ahead of a visit by senior Arab officials probing ways to start a dialogue between the regime and the opposition. (AP Photo/Muzaffar Salman)
A Syrian regime supporter holds up a banner that reads in Arabic and English "No to foreign interference" during a rally in Umayyad Square in downtown Damascus, Syria, Wednesday Oct. 26, 2011. Tens of thousands of Syrians packed a Damascus square Wednesday in a show of support for embattled President Bashar Assad, a few hours ahead of a visit by senior Arab officials probing ways to start a dialogue between the regime and the opposition. (AP Photo/Muzaffar Salman)
BEIRUT (AP) ? Syrian troops shelled a restive district on Saturday and conducted sweeping raids, killing three people one day after 40 were reported to have died in one of the deadliest crackdowns in months in the country's uprising, activists said.
The Syrian opposition's two main activist groups, the British-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and the Local Coordinating Committees, said shells slammed into the Baba Amr district of Homs. Raids and arrests also were reported around the eastern city of Deir el-Zour.
The popular revolt against Syrian President Bashar Assad's regime has proved remarkably resilient over the past seven months, with protests erupting every week despite the near-certainty the government will respond with bullets and tear gas. The U.N. estimates the regime crackdown on the protests has killed 3,000 people since March.
Much of the bloodshed Friday happened after protests had ended and security forces armed with machine guns chased protesters and activists, according to opposition groups monitoring the demonstrations. Authorities disrupted telephone and Internet service, they said. At least 40 people were killed, according to the observatory and the LCC.
Friday's violence prompted strong criticism from the Arab League, which issued a statement expressing "disgust" at the killings. An Arab League committee was set to meet Sunday in Qatar with a Syrian delegation over ways to solve the crisis.
Syria's state-run news agency said the Arab League based its statement on "media lies."
The Syrian government insists the unrest is being driven by terrorists and foreign extremists looking to stir up sectarian strife, and blames the media for spreading lies.
Syria has largely sealed off the country from foreign journalists and prevented independent reporting, making it difficult to confirm events on the ground. Key sources of information are amateur videos posted online, witness accounts and details gathered by activist groups.
It is difficult to gauge the strength of the revolt in Syria, a country of 22 million people. The crackdown does not appear to have significantly reduced the number of protests, but neither does the regime appear to be in any imminent danger of collapse.
The result has been a monthslong stalemate.
Assad enjoys a measure of support in Syria. His main base at home includes Syrians who have benefited financially from the regime, minority groups who feel they will be targeted if the Sunni majority takes over, and others who see no clear and safe alternative to Assad.
Many Syrians as well as outside analysts consider sectarian warfare to be a real and terrifying possibility. They see their country as a fragile jigsaw puzzle of ethnic and religious groups including Sunnis, Shiites, Alawites, Christians, Kurds, Druse, Circassians, Armenians and more.
Many protesters are starting to see the limits of a peaceful movement, particularly when compared to the armed uprising in Libya that drove Moammar Gadhafi from power ? albeit with NATO air support.
Although the mass demonstrations in Syria have shaken one of the most authoritarian regimes in the Middle East, the opposition has made no major gains in recent months, it holds no territory and still has no clear leadership.
In recent weeks, there have been growing signs that once-peaceful Syrian protesters are increasingly taking up arms to fight the military crackdown. There also are signs that army defectors are turning on the regime, although their strength is difficult to measure without independent access to the country.
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Overton, Jacobson share Asia Pacific Classic lead
SELANGOR, Malaysia (AP) ? American Jeff Overton shot a course-record 9-under 62 on Friday for a share of the second-round lead with Sweden's Fredrik Jacobson in the Asia Pacific Classic.
Jacobson had a 64 to match Overton at 13-under 129 at The Mines Resort and Golf Club in the second-year event sanctioned by the PGA Tour and Asian Tour.
"This golf course is so much fun to play," said Overton, winless on the PGA Tour. "It's really challenging. If you're hitting it great, you can have scoring opportunities. I'm just having a blast."
Bo Van Pelt was a stroke back after a 64, and Mark Wilson (66), Stewart Cink (66), Jimmy Walker (67) and Jhonattan Vegas (69) followed at 9 under. First-round leader Robert Allenby followed his opening 63 with a 72 to drop into a tie for ninth at 7 under.
The jet-lagged Overton, a last-minute replacement for David Duval, had a chance to take the outright lead on the final, but missed a 7-foot birdie putt.
"I changed golf clubs a couple of weeks ago and my ball-striking has improved so much. Today everything clicked," said Overton, the 28-year-old Indiana player who had a scare before the tournament when his clubs didn't arrive until late Wednesday.
Overton eagled the par-4 15th, hitting a driver to 6 feet.
"I watched Mark Wilson hit it right at the stick, and I'm like, wow, this is a great little hole. Maybe I can hit my driver, too," Overton said. "I just hit it right at the pin. It came off just perfect, laying there on the front of the green and it rolled up there to 6 feet for eagle."
Jacobson won the Travelers Championship this summer for his first PGA Tour title.
"The driving has been setting up a lot of opportunities," Jacobson said. "I've been driving it well and on this course, if you drive it on the fairways, it's not overly long and it gives you opportunities."
He saved par on 18 after hitting to a foot from a greenside bunker.
"Growing up, I spent a lot of time in the rough, in the bunker, in different lies. Like in the backyard, I would try to chip over a stone wall," Jacobson said. "I played a lot of weird shots through my youth and I think that by challenging myself that way, I have learnt a lot of different shots, which come in useful."
Three-time major winner Vijay Singh followed his opening 72 with a 64 to reach 6 under.
Defending champion Ben Crane was 5 under after a 68.
The winner will receive $1.3 million from the $6.1 million purse.
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Physicists manipulate single molecules to unravel secrets of protein folding
Thursday, October 27, 2011
Physicists at the Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) are opening a new window into the life of biological cells, using a technique that lets them grab the ends of a single protein molecule and pull, making continuous, direct measurements as it unfolds and refolds. Their latest results, reported in the journal Science, reveal a complex network of intermediate structural and kinetic states along the way to functionally correct folded forms, including both express routes and dead ends. Better understanding of protein folding is essential because incorrectly folded proteins cause diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The experiments focused on the protein calmodulin, which is not implicated in these diseases but plays a role in many processes vital to cellular functions, and thus to human health.
The functions (and malfunctions) of proteins are largely determined by their structures, so researchers are exploring many avenues toward understanding precisely how they fold (or misfold). Where X-ray structural analyses offer "snapshots" of protein folding, single-molecule force spectroscopy -- the approach pioneered by Prof. Matthias Rief and colleagues in the TUM Department of Physics -- produces views that are, by comparison, more like movies. Even though these movies are very "blurred," since they only capture the length of the molecule, they allow the researchers to study the dynamics of the folding process.
In the study reported in Science, Rief's co-authors were TUM doctoral candidates Johannes Stigler, Fabian Ziegler, Anja Gieseke, and Christof Gebhardt (now a postdoc at Harvard University). A grant from the TUM Institute for Advanced Study helped the laboratory acquire the instrumentation that made these single-molecule experiments possible -- ultra-stable, high-resolution "optical tweezers," a tool that traps miniscule objects between opposing laser beams as surely as if they were being held between thumb and forefinger.
To get a grip on a calmodulin molecule, the researchers first would insert it between two molecules of a mechanically tougher protein called ubiquitin. Residues of the amino acid cysteine at the outer ends of this assembly allowed "handles" made of DNA to be attached, and these were fixed to glass beads one micrometer in diameter. The beads, and thus the calmodulin molecule between them, could then be manipulated with the optical tweezers. The essence of the experiments, repeated many times over in a variety of ways, was to pull the ends of a single, folded calmodulin molecule until it straightened out and then to reduce the tension so it could fold again, constantly measuring protein length, mechanical forces and time with extreme precision. Throughout, the calmodulin molecule was kept in conditions not too different from its working environment inside a cell, an aqueous solution with a concentration of calcium ions known to favor stable folding. Statistical analysis helped to reveal what the measurements recorded.
The results indicate that distinct subdomains of the calmodulin molecule fold independently yet interact with others, sometimes cooperating and sometimes interfering. "Far from being a simple two-state process," Rief explains, "the folding of a calmodulin molecule takes place via a complex network of pathways in what we call its 'energy landscape.' We found that this map of kinetic states and paths between different folded forms includes dead ends -- intermediate structures that need to be undone, like unwanted knots in a rope, before the protein can assume a shape that enables it to function properly." The researchers also discovered express routes, pathways that let some domains reach their final state much more rapidly than the molecule as a whole.
"The calmodulin molecule," Rief says, "even though considered small compared to most proteins in our body, already exhibits unexpected complexity in its folding. Nature manages to fold much more complex proteins without major misfoldings. Understanding this still remains a challenge for the future, and single-molecule experiments will help to resolve it."
###
Technische Universitaet Muenchen: http://www.tum.de
Thanks to Technische Universitaet Muenchen for this article.
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Chronicles of Lutetia
Asteroid?s composition, terrain may teach scientists more about solar system
Web edition : Thursday, October 27th, 2011
Asteroid 21 Lutetia isn?t just another pebble in a big pile of space rocks. Scientists now think it is a leftover planetary seed, booted into the main belt by the planetary bullies growing around it.
Lutetia and its asteroid cousins are thought to be relics from the early solar system, rocky fossils that have recorded a history of the solar system?s early days in their pits and fractures. In July 2010, the European Space Agency?s Rosetta spacecraft flew within 3,200 kilometers of Lutetia, peered at the asteroid and attempted to read its stony story.
Using data gathered by Rosetta, three reports describe Lutetia?s surprising composition and terrain. They appear in the Oct. 28 Science.
?If you have visited one asteroid, you have not visited them all,? says Lindy Elkins-Tanton of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, D.C. ?We can still learn some amazing new things about planetesimals, primitive materials, solar system dynamics and [asteroid] composition.?
Data suggest that Lutetia is what?s known as an enstatite chondrite ? a rare form of asteroid that makes up around 2 percent of the meteorites that have fallen to Earth. ?It?s pretty uncommon,? says planetary scientist and study author Pierre Vernazza of the European Southern Observatory. ?Our understanding is that this kind of meteorite is the starting composition of the terrestrial planets, from Mercury to the Earth.?
Among the other characteristics betraying Lutetia?s identity as a planetesimal ? or planet precursor ? is the asteroid?s abnormally high density. At 3.4 grams per cubic centimeter, Lutetia is denser than most asteroids measured, and comparable in density to the giant asteroid Vesta, says study author and planetary scientist Holger Sierks of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Germany.
A density that high suggests that the asteroid is not a rubble pile, or collection of fragments produced by violent collisions. Rather, the rocky body has probably maintained its primordial state, and might have a differentiated interior, with a metallic core, mantle and surface that never melted, says Elkins-Tanton.
Indeed, Lutetia?s ancient and complex surface ? marked with landslides, enormous craters, faults and fractures ? supports the finding that the asteroid is primitive and undisturbed, and suggests that it formed within the solar system?s first 3 million years, she says.
But the question of where Lutetia formed is still open. A team of scientists, including Vernazza, proposes in a paper to be published by the journal Icarus that Lutetia grew near the sun, in the terrestrial planet region, and was subsequently pushed outward. Whether the four inner planets or a migrating Jupiter nudged the planetesimal toward the asteroid belt is unclear, the team reports.
?I would say the jury is out on this one,? Elkins-Tanton says. ?But ? if we begin to learn some of those answers from our solar system, we can begin to understand why it is that all the exoplanet systems we found don?t look like ours. There?s so much we need to learn about movement during planet formation.?
Found in: Atom & Cosmos
Source: http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/335607/title/Chronicles_of_Lutetia
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HP says it won't spin off personal computer unit
PALO ALTO, California (AP) ? Hewlett-Packard Co. says it has decided against spinning off or selling its Personal Systems Group unit.
The PC manufacturer said Thursday that it reached its decision after evaluating the strategic, financial and operational impact of spinning off the business unit, which manufactures desktop and notebook computers for consumers and businesses.
Hewlett-Packard President and CEO Meg Whitman said keeping the unit within the company is right for the company, its customers, shareholders and business partners.
Shares of Palo Alto, California-based HP added $1.24, or 4.8 percent, to end regular trading at $26.99.
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বৃহস্পতিবার, ২৭ অক্টোবর, ২০১১
A kinder, gentler Eric Cantor? (Politico)
Eric Cantor thinks America has him all wrong.
The Virginia Republican has been portrayed as an insensitive, combative conservative who wants to withhold disaster relief from the storm stricken and protect Wall Street from the ?mobs? who occupy it.
Continue ReadingHe?s rubbed legions of liberals ? and some conservatives ? the wrong way. Cantor?s negatives are up, and his public appearances have drawn hundreds of protesters. Unions have stepped up activity in his congressional district.
So now Cantor is trying to rehab his public image. The No. 2 House Republican wants to show he?s a serious lawmaker who?s curious about policy and has been unfairly vilified by the left while trying to find common ground with Democrats.
Cantor is allowing CBS News?s ?60 Minutes? cameras into his life, filming his three children and wife to show that he?s not the hard-line ideologue that has become the object of Democratic caricature. He?s invited the ?60 Minutes? cameras to spend Thanksgiving with his family; Leslie Stahl is slated to be the reporter on the piece.
In an effort to humanize him, Cantor?s staff has started an online video series called ?Snapshot of the Leader,? which depicts Cantor?s daily routine in short bits. The first installment had him talking about the ?American dream? and ?trying to promote achievement and success for everyone.? There will be a dozen of these rolled out on Cantor?s website.
The campaign to recast Cantor?s image may also be a tacit acknowledgment of one of his biggest weaknesses: the likability factor. Cantor, 48, has risen to the top of the GOP hierarchy at a fast and furious pace. He?s known for his acute policy acumen, political sensibility and aggressive fundraising. But Democrats ? including President Barack Obama ? have succeeded in building him up as the embodiment of unreasonable GOP opposition.
He?s working on that.
?I just think the whole picture of anybody ? and me, in this circumstance ? is just not out there,? Cantor said in an interview with POLITICO. ?From what the president has decided to do, as well as the [Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee], unions [and] advocacy groups on the left [that have been] coming into my district repeatedly, I just think it?s clear that they want to go promote the sort of description of me that I don?t think is necessarily accurate. It?s all about the contentiousness in Washington and sort of painting me with that; it?s just not what I?m about.?
Cantor planned a speech at the University of Pennsylvania to talk about a favorite progressive topic ? income inequality. His speech included hundreds of words about his immigrant grandmother, who came to the United States from Eastern Europe and lived above her late husband?s supermarket in Richmond, Va., after being widowed at age 30.
But the event was canceled when the Service Employees International Union and the Occupy Philadelphia protest movement threatened to fill the 300-person audience. That won?t stop Cantor ? he has upcoming speeches planned at Northwestern University and Rice University. Of the cancellation at Penn, Cantor said there was ?no sense? in giving a speech about ?trying to pull people together? to an audience of ?100 percent professional protesters.? Penn, Cantor said, would not eject anyone from the venue.
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In Flex We Trust ? Tech Talk Gaming: How Do Video Games Affect ...
Remember when they tried to ban Grand Theft Auto 3 because of the use of prostitues? This and a few other video games have received negative reviews because of the possible influence on people. Do you think video games play a role on how we act? Check out the study on how video games affect the brain after the jump.
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@ShottaDru
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. It?s Newton?s third law of motion and undoubtedly one taken into account by meticulous game designers dedicated to creating an onscreen experience undetectably different than the real world.
That physics principle extends into another realm of science and equally applies to the biological effects of gaming. However inflexible the views of those who are pro-gaming or anti-gaming, one thing is certain: the brain itself is mutable and highly subject to influence. Jonah Lehrer, author of Proust Was a Neuroscientist and How We Decide told PCMag, ?Everything changes the brain?and gaming is not an exception to that rule?we just don?t know how. Yet.?
Studies that conclude that gaming results in negative behavior? violence, aggression or decreased attention spans?are balanced by reports that find gaming can have a positive influence, alleviating the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder or improving attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. One of the first games to use graphical display, Tennis for Two, contained these multitudes. Introduced in 1958, it was a Pong-like creation of nuclear scientist William Higinbotham meant to both entertain and spark scientific interest in Brookhaven National Laboratory visitors.
Akio Mori, a cranial nerve specialist at Nihon University College of Humanities and Sciences in Tokyo, caused a stir when he coined the term ?game brain,? a lack of emotion and creativity resulting from gaming, in a 2002 book called The Terror of Game Brain. Mori?s peers criticized the book?s shoddy science for unreliable measures and a lack of focus. Though the book was a big seller, particularly with the parents of gamers, it was nominated for the Japan Outrageous Book Award. A slew of studies have followed and come down on both sides of the issue.
On the 50th anniversary of possibly the first online game, Spacewar!, which took to ARPAnet from MIT in 1961, PCMag takes a look at the flip sides of the current research into gaming and the brain. Whatever camp you fall into, gaming proponent or not, there is no denying what Whole Earth Catalog founder and Spacewar! enthusiast Stewart Brand said in a 1972 Rolling Stone story on the game. In this era ?[w]e are all Computer Bums, all more empowered as individuals and as co-operators. That might enhance things?like the richness and rigor of spontaneous creation and of human interaction? of sentient interaction.?
Put down the controller to discover the ways your brain may be affected by gaming.
Full slideshow on how gaming affects the brain
PCMag
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Source: http://www.inflexwetrust.com/2011/10/26/tech-talk-gaming-how-do-video-games-affect-your-brain/
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Iraq war vet critically injured in Oakland protests (Reuters)
(Reuters) ? An Iraq war veteran was listed in critical condition on Wednesday from injuries he sustained at economic protests on the streets of Oakland, triggering calls for renewed Occupy Wall Street demonstrations across the country.
Protest organizers say 24-year-old Scott Olsen, a former U.S. Marine, was struck in the head on Tuesday night by a tear gas canister fired by police during a confrontation with demonstrators trying to move back into a downtown Oakland plaza.
A spokesman for Highland General Hospital in Oakland confirmed Olsen was in critical condition there from injuries sustained during the protest but could not confirm he had been hit by a tear gas canister.
Oakland Police spokeswoman Cynthia Perkins said the department was investigating the incident. She declined further comment.
Keith Shannon, who said he served alongside Olsen in Iraq, told Reuters his friend was suffering from a two-inch skull fracture and brain swelling and had been sedated in the hospital's emergency room trauma center while neurosurgeons decide whether to operate.
The hospital declined to comment on those medical details.
Shannon said Olsen served two tours in Iraq from 2006 to 2010 with the 3rd battalion, 4th Marine regiment. Shannon, 24, and Olsen deployed together to Iraq, where they worked in tactical communications, Shannon said.
They both now work as systems administrators at a software firm, he said.
VIDEO MAY SHOW INCIDENT
Olsen, originally from Onalaska, Wisconsin, had been camping overnight with the Occupy San Francisco protest before joining the Oakland movement after a police crackdown, said his friend Adele Carpenter, who spoke to Reuters by phone from the hospital waiting room.
"The irony is not lost on anyone here that this is someone who survived two tours in Iraq and is now seriously injured by the Oakland police force," Carpenter, 29, told Reuters.
YouTube videos that appear to be from Tuesday night's clashes show a man identified as Olsen being carried away from a police line by protesters, bleeding and unresponsive to questions.
The video could not be independently verified by Reuters.
The injuries to Olsen touched off a furor among protesters in Oakland and elsewhere, where organizers took to Twitter and other social media to call for marches in his name on Wednesday night.
"In #solidarity with #occupyoakland, march at 9PM tonight! Meet us at #libertysquare!" Occupy Wall Street's Twitter account said in a tweet on Wednesday afternoon.
More than 1,000 people marched on Oakland's city hall on Tuesday night to protest scores of arrests made by police when they broke up an encampment in a plaza nearby earlier on Tuesday.
The protests in Oakland are an offshoot of the Occupy Wall Street movement launched more than a month ago in New York.
The demonstrations voicing frustration over government bailouts of big banks, persistent high unemployment and economic inequality have spread across the United States and overseas, although participant numbers remain relatively small in most cities.
(Editing by Dan Whitcomb and Jerry Norton)
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Video: Spooky snacks look scary, taste good!
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Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/vp/45047765#45047765
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Apple Joins Oreos And Capri Sun As Most Popular Youth Brand
In a poll of 5,077 US youngsters ages 8-24, Apple came out on top over all over computer, phone, and tablet makers as the number one electronics brand. Apple joins the ranks of Nintendo, Oreo, and Sprite as some of the most popular brands in America today. Pollsters Harris Interactive asked questions about brand preference and loyalty. They note that "Apple has built a powerful equity base among their customers of today and their customers of tomorrow," which ensures that the brand will have resonance over the next decade.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/ZCeWozJ-CBQ/
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Schmoozing as Strategy: Slate?s Negotiation Academy
In this week?s installment of Slate?s Negotiation Academy, you?ll learn what you need to do before you start a negotiation. The preparation includes how to figure out your walk-away price and how the simple act of schmoozing with your opponent can unlock lots of valuable information.
Source: http://feeds.slate.com/click.phdo?i=a03dd940739dfe7bba75e1d2668e36eb
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মঙ্গলবার, ২৫ অক্টোবর, ২০১১
Intense Firefighter Footage Puts You Inside a Burning Building [Video]
Woman Crashes Car Into Insurance Office ? CBS Denver
A car crashed into a State Farm Insurance office Saturday morning. (credit: CBS)
ENGLEWOOD, Colo. (CBS4)- An insurance company will have to file its own claim after a woman crashed her car into a State Farm Insurance office Saturday morning.
It happened at about 10:45 a.m. at the intersection of S. Broadway and Belleview in Englewood. Police said the 70-year-old driver was the only one in the car when it crashed into the building.
Witnesses told police the woman stopped midway into her turn from Broadway onto westbound Belleview when a car behind her honked and she rapidly accelerated into the building.
Police said the woman was trapped in her car until they could get the tow truck on scene because her car door was wedged against the wall and she couldn?t get out.
The woman was taken to Swedish Medical Center as a precaution, but didn?t have any visible injuries. Police said they don?t suspect alcohol or drugs, but said she seemed disoriented.
Source: http://denver.cbslocal.com/2011/10/22/woman-crashes-car-into-insurance-office/
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Rest Forever in the World's Most Stylish Coffin [Death]
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